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Getting on board a ship to navigate across blue seas around the world is the stuff of fantasies. But being sick while you’re sailing? That’s a bit of a nightmare.

“Ships are enclosed spaces, so there’s an opportunity to spread germs very easily,” says Dr. David Effron, the doctor on board the National Geographic Explorer and an emergency-room physician in Cleveland.

But it’s not just about illness. There’s plenty more to consider if you plan on staying healthy on your next voyage, Effron says. Here are some top tips for doing just that.

Wash your hands

We all know this but it’s helpful to stay extra-vigilant on a ship. Most vessels offer hand sanitizer and even sinks outside restaurants, so take advantage of those before dining. Effron also encourages you to be aware of where you’re putting your hands, and to clean them after touching, for example, the serving tongs at a buffet and handrails on staircases.

Bring any medications

“You would be surprised how many people forget their medication when they go on a cruise,” says Effron. Distracted by so many other things – checking in for flights, booking shore excursions – they overlook the obvious. He warns that onboard medical facilities don’t carry everything, and some drugs can be pricey (or unavailable) in foreign destinations. Also: Keep your pills in their original bottles, properly labelled with names and details and dosage.

Know your limitations

“Don’t sign up for a five-mile hike if you don’t even walk half a block at home,” says Effron. You can’t let your enthusiasm overwhelm your abilities, and be realistic about what you can see and do in a day.

Stay hydrated

Many voyages will take you to hot climates. So keep drinking water. “Once you’re thirsty, it’s already too late,” says Effron.

Beware of the sun

Make sure to pack your sunscreen and a wide-brimmed hat. And now might be the time to invest in really good sunglasses. Look for a pair with high UV protection and polarization, to cut any glare from the water.

Eat in moderation

We’ve all heard the jokes about cruise ship buffets, but it’s true that the food – and drink – are often too tempting to pass by. It can all add up quickly. Travellers often report gaining a pound a day (or more) when they’re on board. So Effron encourages all cruisers to work on portion control.

Seasickness

Motion sickness can be an unpleasant reality. Before leaving on your trip, consult with your doctor and bring medication. If you do encounter seasickness on board, get some fresh air and focus on the horizon as both can help alleviate the stomach-churning symptoms. And take note: If you’re prone to feeling nauseous, and the conditions might be rocky (staff will often warn you in advance), make sure to take the meds before you feel ill. “Once you’re actually sick,” says Effron, “it is impossible to treat.”

Dress for success

Wearing appropriate attire is key – and this has nothing to do with any formal wear you might bring. Don’t forget a pair of comfortable sturdy shoes – blisters can quickly ruin a vacation. Pack layers, too – light jackets or sweaters that you can peel off and store in your tote bag – because many places experience four seasons in one day. A good, light waterproof windbreaker can be absolutely invaluable.

Be careful in port

While it’s a good idea to support local businesses when travelling, you should avoid street-food vendors, says Effron. Sanitary standards can be hit-and-miss. Effron adds that if you order water, either open the bottle yourself, or watch the server open it. “And be careful with ice,” says Effron. “It’s usually made with tap water.”

Rest

Cruises can be surprisingly busy, often with a new destination every single day. But Effron encourages you to explore in moderation, and reserve enough time to chill. Which, fortunately, is something most ships are well-equipped to provide. So pull up a deck chair by the pool, and perhaps order a beverage topped with a little umbrella, while the world rolls by, just off the starboard side.

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