1951 'Perfect Book' Published 75 Years Ago Today

“In American writing, there are three perfect books,” The New Yorker’sAdam Gopnik wrote in 2010. “‘Huckleberry Finn,’ ‘The Great Gatsby’ and ‘The Catcher in the Rye.'” He went on to call J.D. Salinger’s novel “the handbook of the adolescent heart,” praising its remarkable ability to speak to readers across generations.

That enduring classic reaches another milestone on July 16 as “The Catcher in the Rye” celebrates the 75th anniversary of its publication.

Released in 1951, Salinger’s only full-length novel introduced readers to Holden Caulfield, a teenager struggling to find his place in a world he views as filled with “phonies.” What began as a story Salinger spent nearly a decade developing quickly became a literary phenomenon, selling out its initial print run and earning selection by the Book-of-the-Month Club, according to the History Channel.

Over the decades, “The Catcher in the Rye” has become one of the most influential novels in American literature. More than 65 million copies have been sold worldwide, with roughly one million additional copies purchased every year. It has been translated into dozens of languages, named one of TIME magazine’s 100 best English-language novels published since 1923 and ranked among the Modern Library’s 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.

“No matter how many high school English teachers try to domesticate ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ in class, it will never lose its satirical edge. … It’s a permanent reminder of the sweetness of childhood, the hypocrisy of the adult world, and the strange no-man’s-land that lies in between,” wrote TIME.

The novel’s influence extends well beyond the classroom. Holden Caulfield has inspired generations of writers, filmmakers and musicians, while references to the book appear throughout popular culture, from films like The Perks of Being a Wallflower and Six Degrees of Separation to songs by Billy Joel, Green Day andGuns N’ Roses. Its themes of identity, belonging and the often difficult transition into adulthood continue to resonate with new readers decades after its debut.

Although “The Catcher in the Rye” has frequently been challenged or banned in schools because of its language and subject matter, its reputation has only grown. Between 1961 and 1982 it was the most censored book in American high schools and libraries, yet it also remained one of the country’s most widely taught novels. The controversy has done little to diminish its legacy as one of the defining works of 20th-century literature.

Salinger himself famously retreated from public life after the book’s success, rarely granting interviews and never publishing another novel. Yet the story he left behind continues to captivate readers, proving that Holden Caulfield’s voice remains as recognizable today as it was when The Catcher in the Rye first arrived on bookstore shelves 75 years ago.

Related: Best-Selling Author’s 1960 Novel, Named the Greatest Book of All Time, Published 66 Years Ago Today