Global Air Passenger Demand Declines in April As Middle East Conflict Disrupts Aviation Markets

Global air passenger demand declined in April 2026 as the ongoing conflict in the Middle East sharply reduced traffic across the region and pushed overall industry performance into negative territory, according to new data released by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).

Total passenger demand, measured in revenue passenger kilometers (RPK), fell 3.4 percent compared to April 2025. Excluding the Middle East, however, global demand would have increased by 1.2 percent, underscoring the extent to which regional disruptions affected overall market performance.

Capacity, measured in available seat kilometers (ASK), declined 2.9 percent year-over-year, while the global load factor slipped 0.4 percentage points to 83.1 percent.

International passenger traffic was particularly affected, falling 5.3 percent year-over-year. When Middle Eastern markets are excluded, international demand rose 1.9 percent, according to IATA. International capacity declined 5.1 percent, while load factors eased 0.2 percentage points to 83.9 percent.

Domestic markets were comparatively stable. Domestic passenger demand was unchanged from April 2025 levels, while capacity increased 0.8 percent. Domestic load factors declined 0.7 percentage points to 81.9 percent.

Middle East Conflict Drives Industry Decline

“The 46.6% fall in demand for carriers in the Middle East due to war in the region was so acute that it dragged overall demand down -3.4%,” said Willie Walsh, IATA’s Director General.

Walsh also pointed to rising operating costs and weaker forward bookings as additional pressures on the sector.

“The situation for air transport remains highly volatile. The cost of jet fuel more than doubled in April, which is pushing airfares up. Forward schedule data is showing a reduced offering in the coming months, indicating that airlines are balancing high fuel costs and weaker demand,” he said.

The Middle East experienced the steepest regional decline by far. Passenger demand for carriers in the region dropped 46.6 percent overall, while international demand for Middle Eastern airlines fell 48.1 percent. Capacity in the region declined 37.2 percent overall and 38.4 percent on international routes. Load factors also weakened significantly, dropping more than 12 percentage points overall and 13.1 percentage points internationally.

IATA said traffic continued to be affected by the ongoing war in Iran, although the pace of decline moderated slightly compared with March as an uneasy ceasefire began to take hold.

Regional Markets Show Mixed Performance

Outside the Middle East, most global regions continued to post modest growth.

Asia-Pacific airlines recorded a 1.7 percent increase in overall passenger demand and a 3.0 percent increase in international traffic. International load factors reached 87.5 percent, the highest April level on record for the region. IATA noted, however, that traffic between Japan and China slowed amid ongoing political tensions.

European carriers posted a 0.8 percent increase in overall demand and a 0.9 percent increase in international traffic. IATA said direct travel between Europe and Asia rose 15.3 percent as airlines and passengers shifted away from routes transiting through the Middle East.

Latin American airlines reported some of the strongest growth globally, with overall demand rising 5.0 percent and international demand increasing 8.9 percent. African carriers also recorded gains, with overall demand up 2.8 percent and international traffic rising 2.2 percent.

North America remained largely flat. Overall passenger demand in the region declined 0.3 percent, while international traffic was unchanged year-over-year. Domestic U.S. demand declined 0.6 percent, even as capacity increased 1.0 percent.

Several major domestic markets showed mixed performance in April. China and Japan recorded gains in domestic traffic, while Australia, India, and the United States reported declines. Japan’s domestic market saw demand rise 3.7 percent despite capacity falling for the eighth consecutive month.

Airlines Adjust Capacity Amid Volatile Conditions

Industry load factors remained relatively strong across most regions despite the softer demand environment. Europe posted the highest overall load factor at 85.4 percent, followed closely by Asia Pacific at 85.1 percent.

IATA said forward airline schedules indicate carriers are reducing planned capacity in the months ahead in response to elevated fuel prices and weakening passenger demand tied to ongoing geopolitical uncertainty.